IP Address
An IP address is a network address used to identify a device or service so traffic can be routed to it.
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IPv4
The foundation IP Address builds on, worth understanding first.
IPv4Start here
Internet Protocol version 4: the long-dominant IP addressing scheme using 32-bit addresses written as four numbers (like 192.168.1.1). Its limited address space led to NAT and the development of IPv6.
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IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6: the newer IP addressing scheme using 128-bit addresses to vastly expand address space beyond IPv4. Defenders must account for it because it is often enabled by default and can create overlooked attack surface.
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Packet
The unit of data routed across networks at the network layer, carrying a payload plus addressing (IP) so it can travel from source to destination. Packets are fundamental units defenders inspect and analyze.
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MAC Address
A link-layer interface identifier used within a local network segment, whose observed value may be changed, randomized, virtualized, or shared and does not identify a person.
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